Nobel Prize Winners of 2002

John B. Fenn - Male - 85 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules

Affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University - USA

Koichi Tanaka - Male - 43 years

Birth country: Japan

Motivation: for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules

Affiliation: Shimadzu Corp. - Japan

Kurt Wüthrich - Male - 64 years

Birth country: Switzerland

Motivation: for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution

Affiliation: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) - Switzerland; The Scripps Research Institute - USA

Daniel Kahneman - Male - 68 years

Birth country: Israel

Motivation: for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty

Affiliation: Princeton University - USA

Vernon L. Smith - Male - 75 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms

Affiliation: George Mason University - USA

Imre Kertész - Male - 72 years

Birth country: Hungary

Motivation: for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history

Sydney Brenner - Male - 75 years

Birth country: South Africa

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'

Affiliation: The Molecular Sciences Institute - USA

H. Robert Horvitz - Male - 55 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'

Affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - USA

John E. Sulston - Male - 60 years

Birth country: United Kingdom

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'

Affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute - United Kingdom

James Earl Carter - Male - 78 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development

Raymond Davis Jr. - Male - 87 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

Affiliation: University of Pennsylvania - USA

Masatoshi Koshiba - Male - 76 years

Birth country: Japan

Motivation: for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

Affiliation: University of Tokyo - Japan

Riccardo Giacconi - Male - 71 years

Birth country: Italy

Motivation: for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

Affiliation: Associated Universities Inc. - USA