Nobel Prize Winners of 1981

In 1981, 11 laureates received the Nobel Prize in 6 categories: Chemistry, Economic Sciences, Literature, Medicine, Peace, Physics. Each entry lists the motivation, the laureate's age at the award, birth country, and affiliation.

1981 - Chemistry

Kenichi Fukui - Male - 63 years

Birth country: Japan

Motivation: for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions

Affiliation: Kyoto University - Japan

Roald Hoffmann - Male - 44 years

Birth country: Ukraine

Motivation: for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions

Affiliation: Cornell University - USA

1981 - Economic Sciences

James Tobin - Male - 63 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices

Affiliation: Yale University - USA

1981 - Literature

Elias Canetti - Male - 76 years

Birth country: Bulgaria

Motivation: for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power

1981 - Medicine

Roger W. Sperry - Male - 68 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres

Affiliation: California Institute of Technology (Caltech) - USA

David H. Hubel - Male - 55 years

Birth country: Canada

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system

Affiliation: Harvard Medical School - USA

Torsten N. Wiesel - Male - 57 years

Birth country: Sweden

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system

Affiliation: Harvard Medical School - USA

1981 - Peace

Organization: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Country of Origin: Switzerland

Motivation: for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees

1981 - Physics

Nicolaas Bloembergen - Male - 61 years

Birth country: the Netherlands

Motivation: for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

Affiliation: Harvard University - USA

Arthur Leonard Schawlow - Male - 60 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

Affiliation: Stanford University - USA

Kai M. Siegbahn - Male - 63 years

Birth country: Sweden

Motivation: for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy

Affiliation: Uppsala University - Sweden

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