Nobel Prize Winners of 2000

Alan J. Heeger - Male - 64 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for the discovery and development of conductive polymers

Affiliation: University of California - USA

Alan G. MacDiarmid - Male - 73 years

Birth country: New Zealand

Motivation: for the discovery and development of conductive polymers

Affiliation: University of Pennsylvania - USA

Hideki Shirakawa - Male - 64 years

Birth country: Japan

Motivation: for the discovery and development of conductive polymers

Affiliation: University of Tsukuba - Japan

James J. Heckman - Male - 56 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples

Affiliation: University of Chicago - USA

Daniel L. McFadden - Male - 63 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice

Affiliation: University of California - USA

Gao Xingjian - Male - 60 years

Birth country: China

Motivation: for an œuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama

Arvid Carlsson - Male - 77 years

Birth country: Sweden

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system

Affiliation: Göteborg University - Sweden

Paul Greengard - Male - 74 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system

Affiliation: Rockefeller University - USA

Eric R. Kandel - Male - 70 years

Birth country: Austria

Motivation: for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system

Affiliation: Columbia University - USA

Kim Dae-jung - Male - 74 years

Birth country: South Korea

Motivation: for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular

Zhores I. Alferov - Male - 70 years

Birth country: Belarus

Motivation: for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

Affiliation: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute - Russia

Herbert Kroemer - Male - 72 years

Birth country: Germany

Motivation: for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

Affiliation: University of California - USA

Jack S. Kilby - Male - 76 years

Birth country: USA

Motivation: for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit

Affiliation: Texas Instruments - USA